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STRAWBERRIES 




FULLY ILLUSTRATED, 



PRICE, S5 CENTS. 



GREENJTIELD, MASS. : 

H. D. WATSON CO. 

1886. 



15 



OF THE BEST 



NEW 



GRAPES 



ONLY 



NIAGARA, Duchess, EMPIRE STATE, Prentiss, .JESSICA, Pockling- 
ton, 6 White Early Victor, Worden, Moore's Early, 3 Black. CENTENNIAL, 
Jefferson, Vergennes, WOODRUFF RED, Poughkeepsie Red. ULSTER 
PROLIFIC, 6 Red. 4®=-Regular price for above .list is *L2. NEW Very 
Early Black Grape CAYUGA, strong, 1 year, $1.50 each. Also u complete 
assortment of Fruit. and Ornamental Trees, Small Fruits, Shrubs, Roses, &c. 
Catalogue Free to readers of this book. H. S. ANDERSON, Cayuga Lake 
Nurseries (Established 1855), Union Springs, N. Y. 

■T'Hr— 5 -rrT— — wrr ii ir iin i i in— n rnrni 



KEEP the HENS OUT OF your GARDEN 

With Galvanized Wire Netting. 

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SEND FOR PRICE LIST AND DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR. 

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215 GREENWICH and 68 and 70 VESEY ST., 
Please mention this Book. 



NEW YORK. 



►OUTjTRY yards. 

BREEDERS OF 

THOROUGHBRED 

WHITE LEGHORNS, 
LIGHT BBAHMAS, 
PLYMOUTH BOCKS, 
and WYANDOTTES. 

Prices of eggs from first 
three varieties, from Yards 
No. 1, $3 per 13. $5 per 
26. Yards No. 2, $2 per 13. 
Wyandotte, S4perl3. 



HIGETWOOD 

G. BOHL & CO., 

PROPRIETORS, 

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Lake County, - ILLS. 

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Engraved from Life by E. S. Comings, Rockford, Ills. 

PRIZES WON IN 1885 ON WHITE LEGHORNS 

Showing four birds at Chicago National Show, November. Mr. B. N. Pierce, Judge. 1st 
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is a life representation of the six birds taking eight premiums as follows: Cockerel, 3d, score 
93. Hens, 1st, score 93. 2d, score 93. Pullets, 1st, score 94. 21, score 94. 3d. score 91 1-2. 1st 
on Breeding Pen, score 558 1-2, aud Silver Medal for highest scoring Breeding 1'en iu the show ; 
scoring 558 1-2 points, an average of 93 1-12. 

Prices of Fine and Extra Fine Breeding Stock. 
Single Birds, $•'. to $10. Pairs, 86 to $15. Trios $S to $20. Breeding Pens of Six Birds. $15 t< » $:»">. 




*• HOW •+ 



TO 



GROW STRAWBERRIES, 

A COMPLETE AND PRACTICAL TREATISE DESIGNED 

AS A RELIABLE GUIDE TO THE SUCCESSFUL 

CULTIVATION OF STRAWBERRIES, 

■« 

BY 



i-t-*-o-*-t-*- 



FULLY ILLUSTRATED. 



,-t-o-** 



GREENFIELD, MASS. : 

H. D. WATSON CO. 

1886. 




Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1885, by GEO. R. Knapp, in 
the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C 



<£>■ 
^^\ 



PREFACE. 



In preparing this little work I was actuated by the desire to place be- 
fore the beginner in strawberry culture, plain and practical directions for 
the work, believing that a few pages so written would be of greater value 
and far more appreciated, than a larger work which might be composed 
mainly of theories rather than well-proven facts, or, than works which 
sought to cover the whole subject of small-fruit culture in a few pages, 
each portion of which would, of necessity, be brief and incomplete. I have 
endeavored to make the following pages interesting, instructive and a 
practical help to all who, in the cultivation of "the most delicious of all 
fruits," hope to find pleasure, profit or relaxation from oppressive busi- 
ness cares. To this end all ambiguous phrases have carefully been avoid- 
ed as well as lengthy discussions, which would only tend to mislead the 
beginner, however interesting they might be to the horticulturist. The 
most approved methods of cultivation and management have been followed 
in these pages, all of which have been thoroughly tested by active work- 
ers in the field. Special care has been taken to make the list of varieties 
and descriptions accurate and complete, and it will be found of great ad- 
vantage to the planter in assisting him to a proper selection of varieties.. 

To the writings of Prof's. Saunders and Forbes I am indebted for 
thoughts and suggestions on Insects and Remedies. 

Entirely practical, the work is placed before the public solely on its 
merits. The Author. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Preface 3 

General Remarks 5 

Species 5 

Structure and Character 6 

Propagation from Runners 6 

Propagation by Root Divisions 7 

Propagation from Seed 7 

Potted Plants 8 

Sexuality 10 

Selection of Varieties, etc 14 

Soil and its Preparation 15 

Situation lfi 

Seasons for Planting 17 

Preparation of Plants 17 

Manures and Fertilizers 18 

Planting 19 

Cultivation— General Remarks 21 

Longevity of Plants 22 

Garden Culture 22 

Field Culture 23 

Thinning the Fruit 24 

Picking and Marketing 24 

Mulching — Winter Protection 25 

Profits of Strawberry Culture 25 

Diseases and Insects 26 

Descriptions of Varieties 33 

List of Varieties 54 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



GENERAL REMARKS. 

As before stated, I shall carefully avoid anything which there is good 
reason to believe will mislead the reader in the slightest degree. While 
I realize that botanical information and technical points in horticulture 
are of interest and value to the student, at the same time, in 1113^ opinion, 
these matters should be touched upon but lightly, giving full weight to 
subjects which are designed for the instruction of beginners in the work. 
Therefore, while touching on the points regarding origin, structure, spe- 
cies and other matters not directly connected with information of practi- 
cal interest to the grower, I shall do so briefly, referring the reader who 
may desire more thorough information on the subjects named, to works 
of greater magnitude than this. 

SPECIES. 

In classing the Strawberry as species we shall speak of those most fa- 
miliar to the grower; others, which are sometimes sub-diyided as species, 
are in the main purely local kinds, or hav a distinctive character which 
while it may give it a place of its own does not make it of any pai ticular 
value to the grower. 

Fragaria vesca, color, red, white and yellow ; wood strawberry ; nativ- 
ity : Europe and America; also Alpine. 

F. colinna, Green strawberry ; improperly classed as a species. 

F. Indica, fruit not edible — India. 

F. elator, Hautbois, native of Germany ; color red ; fruit edible but of 
peculiar flavor. 

F. Virr/iniana, the cultivated species of the United States. 



HO W TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



F. (jrandirtnra. red and white, native of South America. 

The above list comprises all species with which the general planter will 
be liable to come in contact ; and in fact Ave may limit his acquaintance to 
Fragaria Virginiana, our own cultivated species. 

STRUCTURE AND CHARACTER. 

To the ordinary observer a strawberry plant is simply a strawberry 
plant, nothing more nor less; they are often puzzled by seeing specialists 
in strawberry culture go over a plot and, by an apparently cursory glance, 
point out the many different varieties, giving them the names by which 
they are known among horticulturists ; the observer may closely watch, 
but can perceive no distinguishing marks by which they could be proper- 
ly separated into names. Of course a difference does exist but can only 
be learned by constant study of, and association with, the plants. The gen- 
eral characters of the strawberry are, calyx flat or reflexed, deeply five- 
cleft. Petals ordinarily five (we have seen seven) , white, erect and spread- 
ing. Stamens generally about twenty. Pistils numerous, adhering at 
the base to the small, seed-like fruits. Increased by seeds, divisions of 
the roots, and runners; plants perennial. Leaves obovate, coarsely ser- 
rate and evergreen. Boots fibrous and perennial. We find some plants 
with long, fibrous roots; others short and fleshy. There also exists 
considerable difference in the foliage of many varieties of plants; indeed, 
this distinction is so marked that cultivators should experience btit little 
difficulty in determining it ; for example : one variety will have light 
green leaves, often with a yellowish cast, while the leaves of other kinds 
are of a dark green color and glossy, having the appearance of having 
been varnished. ^Vhile as we have seen the leaves of the strawberry are 
serrate (cut leaf), this characteristic is more strongly marked in some 
varieties than in others. 

PROPAGATION FROM RUNNERS. 

We now come to the most common method by which the strawberry is 
increased, viz. : from runners; we say the most common method of prop- 
agation, and it is so only because the varieties grown in our country can be 
increased by this method better, easier, and cheaper than by any other. 
It will be understood that the increase of a variety is referred to, not the 
production of a new sort. 

In my opinion there is but little choice between the plants produced by 
a runner ; if any, those nearest the parent plant, or in other words, those 
first formed from the runner, are the strongest ; still, if allowed to remain 



HOW TO GROW STL' J WBElilUES. 



a sufficient length of time, the other plants formed will answer the pur- 
pose equally as well. 

To secure the best results — strong plants and in quantity, the soil should 
he kept mellow by freqftent stirrings ; care is required after a new plant 
has set, not to disturb it while working in the bed. 

The majority of growers do not realize what vast numbers of new plants 
may be grown from runners, and are apt to allow too many to set, more 
than they have use for. In the nursery plants are set for the express 
purpose of securing as many new plants as possible, without regard to 
the fruit ; the fruit-grower, however, should bear in mind that with him 
the fruit is the great desideratum ; if the fruiting plants are allowed to 
waste their vitality in the production of plants, the fruit crop will be di- 
minished in a corresponding degree. 

If plants are desired, either for sale in small quantities or for transplant- 
ing, the best plan is to allow but a small portion to throw out runners, 
keeping the runners on the fruiting patch cut, as directed further on. If 
but a few new plants are needed, pinch off the runners just beyond the 
first plant which has set, and when this plant becomes well established, 
the runner which connects it with the parent plant should be severed. 

PROPAGATION BY ROOT DIVISIONS. 

As this method is seldom practiced except with such species as do not 
reproduce readily from runners, we will say but little concerning it. 

The stools are removed from the ground early in the spring and divided, 
leaving one crown to the plant; each plant so divided is then reset. 
Fruit-growers in general have but little occasion to propagate in this 
manner. 

PROPAGATION FROM SEED. 

While we regard raising seedlings as decidedly out of the province of 
the fruit-grower, so natural is the desire to originate a new fruit which 
may prove of value, we will in brief explain the modus operandi. We may 
be pardoned if we digress for a moment to offer a word of caution to the 
novice in raising seedlings. It is assuredly no easy task to produce now 
varieties which will prove valuable ; we know men of means and acknowl- 
edged practical experience in fruit-culture, who have spent years in rais- 
ing seedlings and have failed to produce even one which could be placed 
in competition with those already in the hands of the grower. One man 
in particular, in one year raised several hundred seedlings and only one 
eventually proved of value, and that over but a small portion of the coun- 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



try. The originator of the Jersey Queen strawberry, who has probably 
raised as many it not more seedlings than any other man in America, 
toiled for years, almost without success, before^ bringing out a variety 
which he considered of sufficient worth to warrant him in introducing. 
When we consider that he possessed, in an unusual degree, experience and 
knowledge in his chosen work, the novice may well ponder over the 
chances of success and hesitate before endeavoring to "astonish the world" 
with some new variety of his own producing. 

Raising seedlings and hybridizing have peculiar charms, from which it 
is hard to break, even though repeated failures are the only results of our 
efforts. 

The fruit should be gathered when perfectly ripe, and dried ; or, the 
ripe fruit may be crushed in water and the seeds washed out. Other 
propagators follow this method, which is perhaps the best one. The best 
berries of the choicest varieties are gathered and mixed with dry sand 
(white sand being preferred), the whole mass being crushed until the 
seeds and pulp are thoroughly incorporated with the sand. This sand is 
sowed in pots or boxes and placed in a shady but rather warm situation. 
The soil should be light and cover the seed about one-fourth of an inch ; 
the soil must be kept moist. The young plant will appear in about a 
month and after it has grown three or four leaves it should be transplanted 
to the open ground. The soil for the bed in the open air must be made rich 
and kept free from weeds. It is advisable to shade the young, transplant- 
ed plant from the heat of the sun for a few days, until it becomes firmly 
established, after which treat as with other kinds. The second or third 
season will determine its value. One great mistake made by many origi- 
nators, is the introduction of their new seedlings before they have been 
thoroughly tested ; while one of the new productions will often show 
many points of excellence in its native soil, when scattered throughout the 
country, it may prove an utter failure. True, it will be short-lived, but 
until originators cease to send out new varieties promiscuously, without 
having been tested by other propagators throughout the land, just so 
long the people are destined to be drawn into purchasing plants which 
are likely to prove of no value outside of the particular locality in which 
they originated. 

POTTED PLANTS. 

Though of comparatively recent introduction, so great has been the 
demand for pot-grown strawberry plants, that of itself it has grown to be 
a most important feature of the nursery business ; being grown and set 



HOW TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



at a time when other plants cannot be properly or successfully handled it 
becomes a doubly profitable Industry. The value of potted plants is two- 
fold : by setting them the grower is enabled to secure a fair crop the first 
season after planting, and should circumstances prevent him from obtain- 
ing his plants at the proper season in the spring for planting layer plants 
he may set potted plants during the hottest days of July and August 
with perfect safety. When one is obliged to buy, it will not pay him to 
set pot-grown plants only in small quantities, when fruit is desired as 
quickly as possible or for home consumption only. Another advantage 
of potted plants is for experiment ; if the planter wishes to test a new 
variety, by setting a few potted plants he may obtain sufficient fruit, the 
following season, to enable him to judge with some degree of accuracy 
whether it will prove worthy of extended cultivation with him. 

The price of pot-grown plants is about double that of ordinary layers 
at the nursery; to which cost must be added that of transportation which, 
in long distances, is quite an item. Those who already have a bed of 
plants may grow potted plants from it after a little practice, at a small 
expense, by observing the following directions : 




Fig. l. 



After the parent plant has thrown out runners, prepare a number of 
two-inch pots, filled with fine, light earth ; with a hand trowel make a 
hole directly beneath the newly formed plant, sink the pot in the hole to 
a level with the earth, force the plant into the pot, being careful not to 
break it at the crown, nor to cover too deeply. In from ten days to two 
weeks the pot is completely filled with well-grown and healthy roots; the 



10 



HOW TO GEO W STRA WBERRIES. 



runner is then separated from the parent plant, the pot taken up, and the 
plant removed from it, together with the ball of earth adhering to the 
roots, and planted. Figure 1 represents a potted plant turned out of pot. 
When prepared for shipment the plants are wrapped singlyin Daper and 
carefully packed. 

SEXUALITY. 

The family of strawberries may property be divided into three classes 
or sexes, viz. : Hermaphrodite, Bi-Sexual or Perfect, — which terms are 
synonymous, — Pistillate or imperfect, and Staminate. As the latter is 
barren in all eases and rarely if ever falls into the hands of the average 
planter, we will not consider it, but confine ourselves to descriptions of 
the two former. 





Fi°r. 2. 



Fitf. 3. 



Varieties termed Bi-Sexual or Hermaphrodite — which beyond .ill ques- 
tion is the natural condition of the strawberry flower, the assertions of a 
few theorists to the contrary, notwithstanding — are those whose blossoms 
contain the necessary organs for fructification : i. e., pistils and stamens; 
such varieties will bear perfect fruit of themselves without reference to 
any other variety or sex. (See Fig. 2.) Pistillate or imperfect varieties 
(fig. 3) contain in their blossoms pistils only ; being destitute of stamens, 
such kinds require a row of a perfect flowered variety planted every ten 
or twelve feet among them or every thiid or fourth plant in the row, to 
render them produ3tive. 

We believe that more trouble, failures and dissatisfaction arise among 
fruit-growers — particularly among small growers — from ignorance re- 
garding the sex of strawberries than from any other one cause. 

AVhy it is so we cannot conceive, for nurserymen as a rule, an 1 indeed, we 
may safely say without an exception, among reliable dealers, are very care- 
ful to give the question of sexuality a prominent place in their catalogues, 
in language similar to the following: "All varieties offered are Perfect or 



HOW TO GROW STB A WBER1UES. 



Hermaphrodite, exeept those marked (P.), which kinds require fertiliza- 
tion by planting perfect-flowered kinds near them." So important is this 
question of sex and the effect of proper fertilization, as well as the effect 
of the pollen on the imperfect kind, that we shall endeavor to give the 
subject the attention it certainly demands. The question naturally arises 
in the minu of the reader, "If imperfect kinds require such care in the 
direction named, why should they be planted?" "Why not confine our- 
selves entirely to the cultivation of perfect kinds-flow r ered?" We ac- 
knowledge that in many cases such a course might be most wise, but 
still, it cannot be denied that in some localities, with proper fertilization 
the pistillate kinds are the most profitable ; indeed, in one instance which 
came under our observation, the planting of pistillate varieties was the 
only course conducive to success. 

The grower had for years tried many varieties of the perfect -flowered 
kinds for market ; it was desirable that he have a late-ripening kind ; the 
nature of his soil was such that together with adverse climatic conditions 
he was limited to a few varieties and cultivated these only with partial 
success. On the introduction of the Manchester in 1881-82 he planted it 
with Sharpless as a fertilizer, and since that time has made them his sole 
variety for medium to late kinds. Here then is one reason why we should 
not discard the pistillate varieties ; others equally as convincing might be 
mentioned. The objection may be urged that the case w r e refer to is an 
isolated one, and not likely to occur frequently enough to warrant giving 
it particular attention. 

We acknowledge that there are few locations where obstacles appar- 
ently so insurmountable are found, but certainly if the Manchester, Cres- 
cent or some other pistillate variety will bring the cultivator two, three 
or four cents per basket more than the perfect-flowered kinds, is it not suffi- 
ciently conclusive? Certainly the little care required in this respect should 
be given rather than lose the benefit of some of the finest varieties. 

Theory after theory and argument upon argument have been advanced, 
fought against and occupied the attention, to a greater or less degree, of 
horticulturists— and growers as well,— for years, in fact ever since the in- 
troduction of our first valuable pistillate variety, Hovey's Seedling, 
in 1834. 

During the summer of 1884 a considerable amount of talk was made 
on the subject of the influence of the pollen of the perfect-flowered variety 
on that of the pistillate which it fertilized ; as usual when mooted points 
are raised many are apt to go to extremes in the discussions which 
follow. 



12 HO W TO GRO W STRA WB Eli HIES. 

Authorities differ greatly on the subject. Many writers and men of 
knowledge, supposed to have given the subject study, claim that through 
the pollen of the perfect varieties,are transmitted to the fruit < »f the pistillate 
kinds many of their own (the perfect) characteristics : flavor, form, color 
;ind texture; for example, these writers urge the advisability of using as 
a fertilizer of a pistillate kind, a variety which has in a strong degree 
those characteristics he most desires to secure in a fruit : if firmness in a 
berry be the desired qualification, fertilize the pistillate variety with 
Wilson or any other perfect kind, blossoming at about the same time as 
<"he pistillate, whose fruit is firm; if size is wished for, Sharpless or any 
large variety should be used for the purpose of fructification. Others, 
and men whose opinions should bear weight, claim that no such transmis- 
sion can possibly take place. Still another class claim that the effect of 
the pollen of the perfect-flowered variety on that of the imperfect, causes 
the latter to lose its identity completely ; this assertion, however, is too 
broad, and we doubt its truth. 

As the question has an important bearing and a practical one as well, 
on strawberry culture, we have followed it to some length. I have no 
ticed the effect of the pollen, as first mentioned, in a general way ; that is, 
have seen it proven in field culture, and am confident that the influence 
noted does appear aud should be considered by planters. 

At the meeting of the American Pomological Society held in Grand 
Rapids, Mich., the past summer, the subject was brought up for discus 
sion. Prof. Lazenby of the Ohio Experimental Station gave the results 
of his experiments in this direction. One test had decided beyond all 
question that the effect of the pollen was plainly perceptible in the fruit 
of the plant impregnated ; still, the next experiment, carried on in the 
same manner and with the same varieties, failed utterly to show any ef - 
feet. Horticulturist Goff, of the N. Y. State Experimental Station, report- 
ed the results of his numerous tests, to the Bural New-Yorker, and in his 
opinion no change could possibly take place. 

At this writing, however, it is a generally accepted fact among un- 
biased horticulturists that the pollen of the perfect variety does change 
the characteristics of the pistillate kind , although the change is not ab- 
solute nor invariable. It may or may not be noticeable for several succes- 
sive seasons. 

But, until these experiments are made as they should be, by placing 
pistillate and perfect-flowered varieties where the pollen may be controlled 
during the time of transmission, under a glass bell or other protector, 
where the pollen from other plants in the vicinity cannot be carried by 



HOW TO GROW STRA WHERRIES. 



bees or the action of the wind, just so long we will remain in the dark on 
the subject. In my opinion when this plan is adopted, the now theory 
will become an established fact. Indeed, the opinion of Mr. A. S. Fuller, 
a practical, thorough and conscientious worker in the field of horticul- 
ture, and an undisputed authority on matters pertaining to the profession, 
is sufficient evidence that there is more than theory at work. 

Over twenty years since, Mr. Fuller wrote as follows : 

"Without presuming to advance a theory on the subject, 1 would sug- 
gest whether it is not possible that variations may have been made on 
growing plants by the influence of the pollen from different varieties. It 
is generally supposed that no effect is produced except on the seeds, but 
as it is most conclusively proved in animal physiology that the female re- 
tains the effect of its first impregnation in the system for years, may not 
the same be true of plants, and the admixture or deterioration of one, and 
the improvement of another kind growing in clo -e proximfty, be caused 
by the absorption of qualities each from the other ? If the effect of the 
pollen reaches no further than the seeds, why is not the fruit (recepta- 
cle) produced without them? But we find that whenever the pistils are 
not fertilized the receptacle also fails, or if a portion only is supplied with 
pollen then the receptacle is deformed in proportion. Remove one, two, 
or more pistils before they are fertilized, and the berry, just at this point, 
fails to enlarge or come to maturity. No seeds, no berry is the rule. If 
the strawberry seed was large enough to be readily examined, we should 
probably see a difference in color and form just as we notice in mixed 
varieties of corn. 

In the latter we can see that the influence of cross fertilization extends 
further than the seed, because its receptacle (cob) is often changed be- 
neath the kernel to a color similar to that of the variety which produced 
the pollen. It is often asserted that the Hovey is better when fertilized 
with one kind than with another, and may not this be true further than 
that of being fully supplied with pollen?" 

It seems to me that if so thorough a man, as Mr. Fuller is acknowledged 
to be, noticed these phenomena so long ago, he was fully satisfied in his 
own mind that the difference did appear or he would not have expressed 
himself so decidedly on the subject. We feel convinced that this question 
will be ere long decided in favor of the argument advanced by Mr. Fuller 
and others. In the fertilization of the pistillate variety it is necessary for 
success, to select for the fertilizer, a variety which produces an abundance 
of pollen and also one that blossoms at the same time as the pistillate. 



1A 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



SELECTION OF VARIETIES. 

Perhaps one of the greatest difficulties experienced by beginners, is the 
proper selection of varieties ; yet mistakes made in this direction are 
often times fatal. While it is perhaps needless to speak of the nature of 
the many different mistakes made, mention of the principal ones may not 
"be amiss. A common error is to select for planting, varieties which are 
liighly extolled by some nurseryman, without the necessary precaution 
feeing taken in regard to its adaptability to the planter's own soil, location 




and climate ; a mistake of this nature beggared one man and many others 
known to us have either become seriously embarrassed financially or gave 
up fruit-raising in disgust. By no means do we desire to convey the im- 
pression that we wish to discourage the planting of new kinds ; on the 
contrary, we strongly urge that every planter who can devote the time, 
mone} r and labor required, have an experimental bed where he may set a 
lew plants of each new variety and test it thoroughly, that he may decide 
whether it will prove of practical benefit to him if set in large quantities. 
Another point to be taken into consideration is extreme care in securing 



HOW TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 15 

plants true to name. It is surprising how many people there are who, 
for the purpose of saving a few dollars in the purchase price of plants, 
will sacrifice hundreds as is the usual result of their short sightedness ; 
for it must not be forgotten that it costs considerable to grow and pack 
plants properly. Of this fact be assured; that if any nurseryman or deal 
er offers plants for about one-half the price asked by reliable men, there 
is something wrong and these men and their goods should be severely let 
alone. Good plants, true to name and properly packed may be obtained 
at a fair price, and with proper care will be sure to succeed. 

So well arranged is our postal system that plants in small quantities 
may be safely sent by mail thousands of miles. If properly packed, 
plants may be shipped by freight or express long distances and arrive at 
their destination apparently as fresh as when first taken from the ground. 
Strawberry plants are perhaps more difficult than any others to transport 
safely and if not properly packed, will die en route; plants received from 
reliable men are young ones only, with good roots well straightened ; 
dried leaves and runners removed, and tied in bunches of twenty-five, 
fifty or one hundred, (see Fig. 4, on preceding page,; and labeled. Straw* 
dead leaves, hay or similar material with plenty of damp moss is used 
for packing, and all carefully packed in a strong, light and well venti- 
lated box. Plants packed as described will be received by the purchaser 
in splendi I condition. 

It is a fact to be regretted, that there are many men in the nursery 
trade throughout the country, who do a business founded solely on a, 
u cheat v basis and to secure orders place their prices far below others, in 
many cases below the cost of actual production of good plants ; these men 
fill their orders with refuse stock and literally throw the plants into> 
boxes, instead of packing properly ; but, on the other hand, there are nur- 
serymen—and plenty of them, who, by fair dealing, have made reputations 
which they wish t > retain and realize that they can do so only by keeping 
up their grade of plants to the standard. It is a wise plan, in the selection 
of varieties, to observe what kinds your progressive neighbor best suc- 
ceeds with, and if your soil be similar, make such varieties your main 
stay, adding others as experiment proves them worthy. 

SOIL AND ITS PREPARATION. 

The soil best adapted to strawberries is a deep, rich, sandy loam ; still 
a clay or sandy soil may be made suitable at a small expense. In brief, 
any soil on which a good crop of corn can be raised, will do for strawber- 
ries provided it is properly prepared; strawberries are easy of culture and 



16 HO W TO GRO W STRA WBERRIES. 

by nature seem to thrive so well on any soil, that the question of soils 
should never for a moment be considered an impediment to the culture of 
this fruit. Of course it will be understood we are speaking of varieties in 
general ; some kinds seem to require a certain kind of soil and culture and 
will not thrive without them, while others, equally as good in every impor- 
tant feature, will succeed anywhere. The writer once planted one-eighth of 
an acre with Crescent strawberries, fertilized with Sharp less ; the soil was a 
mixture of clay, coal ashes, mud,old tin cans and rubbish in general ; in fact, 
that particular spot being low had been used for a "catch all" for years. 
As an experiment we simply spaded it over once and then only to the 
depth of about four inches, and set the plants. So remarkably vigorous 
was the variety Crescent that we did not loose a single plant while every 
Sharpless died the first season. 

To test the capabilities of the variety still further, we secured a number 
of tin pans, filled them with the best soil procurable, and set the fertiliz- 
ing plant Sharpless in them, being careful that the Crescent did not re- 
ceive any of the good soil. The following season we had a full crop of 
tl e finest Crescents we ever saw. Thus we see what one variety will ac- 
complish under adverse circumstances. 

We simply mention this to show that unusually rich soil is not an ab« - 
lute requirement for the strawberry; still the fact must not be overlooked 
that the better and richer the soil and the better the treatment a plant 
receives, j us t so much larger and finer Mill be the crop. To treat the Jer- 
sey Queen and some others in the manner we adopted with the Crescent 
would have been certain death to the plant. 

The soil should be deeply plowed and cross-plowed, or if in a garden, 
spaded both ways ; if possible, by all means use a sub-soil plow to the 
depth of at least a foot. In brief every care should be taken to make the soil 
friable and deep ; thorough work in this respect is the price of success. 
Another mistake frequently made, is devoting too much land to one fruit 
or one variety; it should be remembered that ten acres in plants require 
considerable attention and those who have means to but properly care for 
five acres should set out no more : one acre properly cared for is of more 
value to the owner than ten which receive only half care. Setting more 
plants than can be properly cared for means failure with all, and should 
be studiously avoided. 

SITUATION. 

Strawberries require an open, sunny situation, with' a southern expos- 
ure for early ripening kinds and a northern one for the late varieties. 
The shade of trees, buildings and fences should at all times be avoided. 



HO W TO GROW STRA WHERRIES. 17 

We consider land which is gently sloping preferable to side hills or a level. 
This question of situation is an important one and demands attention 
on the part of the grower; we wish again to caution the beginner against 
the shade or proximity of trees. We have known cultivators to plant 
strawberries between rows of young peach trees simply because the 
ground was rich ; as a consequence the growth of both tree and plant 
was considerably retarded, to say nothing of the loss suffered, by both, 
from lack of cultivation with a harrow or other tool. To save the labor 
and expense of preparing a plot of ground for his strawberries the owner 
must needs partially destroy both trees and plants. Mistaken ideas of 
economy which should be guarded against 

SEASONS FOR PLANTING. 
The question of fall or spring planting still continues to bring forth 
many arguments in favor of each ; indeed, the dispute has been wa-jc 1 
until in borders on the ridiculous ; as we consider it a question of minor 
importance we will only say that the planter must decide the question, 
for himself, by personal experiment of each season in his own locality ; 
we have planted with equal success at both seasons. April, May and 
early June, in the spring— July and August for pot-grown plants, and 
September, October and November in the fall, are the best months for 
planting ; the months named of course vary somewhat in different locali- 
ties. It is always best to plant as early as possible after the soil is in fit 
condition to work in the spring; in the fall, however, we deem it advisa- 
ble when the season will permit, to delay planting as long as possible, so 
that better roots and stronger plants may be obtained. 

PREPARATION OF PLANTS. 
When the plants are received from the nursery, they should be taken 
from the package and careful attention given them at once ; the majority 
of our nurserymen are careful to remove all dead leaves and runners from 
the plants before packing and shipping; however, as this is not always 
done, the planter should take pains to do it before setting out the plants. 
Properly grown plants have an abundance of roots and in packing these 
are frequently bruised or broken and should be cut off before planting ; 
in fact, the roots should be shortened whether they are bruised or not ; 
this operation is best performed by taking a bunch of plants, just beneath 
the tops, in the left hand and with a sharp knife in the right hand cut off 
all roots which protrude from the left ; this will be about one-half their 
length, which is sufficient. The result of this shortening process is ob- 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



vious : it causes the shortened roots to throw out from the cut ends an 
abundance of fibrous roots which are conducive to the rapid growth of 
young plants ; it also causes roots to be emitted more abundantly from 
near the crown. 

It will be understood that this shortening process is necessary only to 
layer plants, as potted plants are set with the ball of earth in which they 
were grown adhering to the roots. It is advisable, especially if the plants 
are received in a somewhat wilted condition, u to puddle" the roots before 
planting; this operation is performed by mixing a quantity of soil with 
water, until of the consistency of mortar, and dipping the roots in this 
mixture, allowing them to remain a minute or two. 

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS. 

The strawberry plant is a gross feeder and requires manure in abundance 
both under field and garden culture. As illustrated some pages back 
with the Crescent, strawberries can be grown almost without effort or care, 
beyond that of planting; still, it always pays to give plants care, and good 
care at that, especially in regard to manures. We have always failed to 
understand why some growers would persist in stinting their plants in 
this respect, and that too, when the good results of liberal applications of 
fertilizers are so plainly seen on the plantations of others near them. It 
certainly cannot be from ignorance, for the fact is too apparent to escape 
unnoticed; if the cause be neglect, for the purpose of saving (?) a few 
dollars, it is assuredly a foolish conclusion to reach. 

We strongly advocate deep plowing and subsoiling, because we desire 
to give the plant plenty of natural soil in which to thrive ; and we also 
insist on the application of manures with a liberal hand to sustain this 
growth. The reasonable conclusion must be reached by every thinking 
person, that if we desire fruit in abundance and a strong, healthy growth 
of plants, we must fertilize to obtain these results ; further, this strong 
growth must be sustained, and exhausted vitality, resulting from extreme 
fruitfulness, renewed, which can only be done by manures The straw- 
berry is friendly to almost any kind of manure : wood ashes, stable ma- 
nures, hog manure, ground bone, night soil, hen manure and commercial 
fertilizers, such as guano, etc. ; these latter, however, must be used spar- 
ingly and in connection with manures of home making. In towns con- 
tiguous to the ocean, marl in small quantities is used with good effect. 

An excellent fertilizer is made by mixing with the barnyard manure 
and scrapings, wood ashes and muck in about equal proportions. The 
heap should be turned once during every three or four weeks. Cow ma- 



HO W TO GR W S TRA WB ERRIES. 19 



nure is doubtless the best of all for the strawberry. Fertilizers should 
be spread over the plot designed for strawberries and plowed under ; be- 
fore planting, apply a top dressing of old, well-decomposed stable manure 
free from straw. Manure should also be placed between the rows, during 
the spring, and harrowed in. The more fertilizing material used the 
larger the berries and the greater the yield. Cultivators should remem- 
ber that it is a sadly mistaken idea of economy of endeavoring to make 
one load of manure do the work of twenty. May not this neglect of ma- 
nure be the one cause of failure with some reader? Scrapings from the hen- 
house are admirable as a fertilizer, but must be applied sparingly as it is 
very powerful; the best plan is to mix it with other older manures or ap- 
ply broadcast at the rate of three bushels per acre. Some cultivators use 
lime in limited quantities, usually at the same rate as ashes, viz. : ten to 
twenty bushels per acre applied broadcast ; it is generally the preparation 
bought in market. From a number of experiments made on a small 
scale we are led to consider it very injurious, particularly when it comes 
in direct contact with the roots of the plants. We once set twenty-five 
plants and in each hole placed about one ounce of lime mixed with the 
soil and lost every plant; another lot set at the same time on land over 
which lime had been sowed broadcast at the rate of twenty bushels per 
acre lived, but appeared sickly and of slow growth, maturing a meager 
crop of inferior fruit. 

On another oocasion we received a box of plants from a nurseryman 
and noticed that in some manner a few of the bunches had come in con- 
tact with lime, and though in transit but three days, the difference in ap- 
pearance from the others was very noticeable. We carefully washed the 
plants, both roots, and leaves, before planting, but they continued feeble 
throughout the first season. 

PLANTING. 

Serious mistakes are often made in planting, many times through ig- 
norance but more frequently by carelessness and hurry ; particularly is 
this the case when a large number is to be set ; we know when a plant- 
er has some thousands of plants to set he is anxious that it be done in the 
quickest possible manner, but too often loses sight of the real importance 
of care in the operation, and sets out a dozen in less time than he could 
set half that number if properly done ; care in planting will certainly be 
well repaid by a quicker and better growth, increased and finer crop. 
After a little practice one can soon set plants very rapidly and jet prop- 
erly. Another common and fatal error is crowding the roots in a h ole much 



20 



HO W TO G,RO W STRA W BERRIES. 



too small for them ; undoubtedly plants set in this manner will live, hut 
they certainly cannot thrive so well as those properly set. In planting, 
set the plants the same depth as when growing, the leaves on a level 
with the surface of the soil. If the crown is covered with earth the 
plant soon dies. Fig. 5 shows a plant which has not been set deep 
enough ; fig. 6, one which is set too deep ; fig. 7, a plant which has been 





Fig. 5. 



Fig. 6. 



thrust into a hole without the roots being properly spread out; plants 
set in either way shown have but little chance of living. Fig. 8 shows 
a plant properly set; the roots spread out and properly covered. 
If possible, choose a cloudy day for planting and if the. weather 





Fig. 7. 



Fig. 8. 



be warm, shade the plants for a few days with papers, straw or old 
berry boxes. In planting, a hand trowel should be used; make the 
hole wide and shallow, take the plant in the left hand, spread the roots 
out in a natural position and throw in a handful of earth around the 
roots, fill up the hole and press the earth firmly about the plant with the 
hands. Distances for planting both in Field and Garden culture, and 
more minute directions, will be found under the proper heading. If 



HO W TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 21 

plants are correctly and carefully set, success is almost assured ; if care- 
lessly done, failure is just as certain, and the planter need not be at all 
surprised at the result. We wish to emphatically urge attention in this 
respect, for we believe that improper planting is one of the principal 
causes of failure with many who attempt to grow strawberries. 

CULTIVATION.— GENERAL REMARKS. 
All plants in general, and strawberries in particular, thrive much bet- 
ter and give much more satisfactory results, when carefully and thor- 
oughly cultivated. It is truly surprising how little interest some planters 
take in their plants after they are set ; indeed, to such an extent is the 
negligence carried, that oftentimes plants are choked with weeds and 
grass, the soil becomes baked and hardened ; and yet the owner really 
seems to be ignornnt of the reason why his plants fail to give him a good 
crop ; we might with as much reasonableness expect an animal to do good 
work and continue in good health without food, as to expect plants to 
thrive under such unwarrantable neglect ; why it is that planters are 
guilty of this gross neglect, we do not know, unless it be that pure and 
unadulterated laziness is at the bottom of it. We wish to give especial 
stress to the subject of cultivation, knowing from experience and obser- 
vation how important a matter it is. The most successful growers in the 
country annually spend hundreds of dollars for the purpose of keeping 
their plantations clear and free from weeds, and consider themselves well 
repaid for the outlay, by the increased size of both fruit and crop. The 
rows between the plants should be carefully weeded with hoe or cultiva- 
tor frequently, at the same time thoroughly stirring the soil, which is of 
great value to the plants, supplying to a great extent the double purpose 
of weeding and moisture. During the months following the fruiting of 
the plants, and before the ground freezes, we have frequently cultivated 
between the rows ten or a dozen times at as many periods ; and though the 
expense was quite an item, so beneficial did it prove, we would by no 
means forego the operation. When plants are desired for fruiting only, 
the runners may be clipped off with the hoe while weeding, and this saves 
considerable time. This cutting off runners is imperative if a large crop 
of fruit is desired ; we know that there exists a great antipathy to this 
custom, but it must be overcome if the best results would be obtained. 
As before stated, these runners and the new plants from them, absorb 
the nourishment required by the fruiting plant, and even to a greater ex- 
tent than weeds or grass. A few moments work daily in the garden and 
an occasional day in the field wiil suffice to keep the beds clean and be of 
great benefit. 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



LONGEVITY OF PLANTS. 

We have frequently been asked the average life of strawberry plants 
and doubtless some reader may be interested in the subject. Strawberry 
plants with ordinary care will produce good crops for two, three and even 
four years, after which the beds must be renewed ; with good culture, an 
abundance of fertilizers and proper management, they will do fairly well for 
five years or longer. Some varieties like the Cumberland, Monarch, etc., 
are longer lived than others, notably Wilson's, Sharpless and many of the 
newer kinds. Without presuming to give a decided opinion or advance 
any new theories, we would ask whether it is not probable that the aver- 
age lease of life of the majority of the new varieties introduced within 
the past five or ten years, is not less than that of those old kinds we have 
known for twenty years? In other words, will a bed of the Jersey Queen, 
Sharpies^, or any of the newer varieties continue to bear under good cul- 
ture, as good crops or for as long a period before renewing, as the Cum- 
berland or any of the older kinds ? Are Ave not to some extent on the 
retrograde rather than progressing? We do not consider the subject of 
the length of life of a plant of sufficient importance to enlarge upon it, 
for it is certainly much easier and better to form new beds every 
third year, than to force the old plants to renewed vigor. Many cul- 
tivators of experience allow their beds to bear but one crop, i. e., the 
second season after planting ; keeping the blossoms picked off the first 
season, allowing the plants to fruit the second season, and plowing 
under after fruiting. Of course this system of practice necessitates con- 
siderable labor pi 1 requires that a new bed be set yearly in order to keep 
a fruiting bed, but it pays well to follow it, particularly where the fruit 
is raised in large quantities. 

GARDEN CULTURE. 
In the cultivation of Strawberries for home use and in small quantities, 
the grower is enabled to give his plants greater attention and by unusual 
good care secure fruit which will astonish even himself, both from its 
size and quantity. The plot designed for the plants should be deeply 
spaded to the full depth of the tool, and if spaded the second time, work 
the opposite way of the patch; the enriching material should be applied 
before spading the bed the second time, that it may be spaded in and 
thoroughly incorporated with the soil ; the bed should then be gone over 
with a hoe or hand-rake and all lumps broken, the stones and sods re- 
moved, and the soil pulverized as finely as possible. Mark out the beds 
four feet wide, with alleys two or two-and-one-half feet wide between 



HO IF TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 23 

them ; the beds may be of any length desired. Each bed should contain 
three rows of plants, 15 to 18 inches apart ; and plants about the same dis- 
tance apart in the rows. Set plants as directed under heading of Planting 
on page 19. Plant at least three varieties, early, medium and late, to se- 
cure a continuous season of fruit. The plants should be watered a little 
for a few days and shaded during the heat of the day. Keep the space 
between the rows free from weeds, and the soil loose and friable. A few 
applications of liquid manure just before fruiting will very materially in- 
crease the size of both fruit and crop. After the fruiting season the 
plants still require care and attention ; the runners must be kept cut and 
the bed frequently weeded. If the season be unusually dry the plants 
must be watered occasionally. A collar of straw placed around the plants 
will keep the fruit clean and enable the berries to ripen much quicker and 
more evenly. AVe have experimented with many of the patent "fruit pro- 
tectors" and consider the collar of straw equal to any, with the additional 
advantage of cheapness. The bed should be mulched and protected for 
winter as hereafter directed. 



FIELD CULTURE. 

There are many different systems followed in field culture, but we will 
confine ourselves to the more common ones. Hill culture, as recommend 
ed for the garden, is probably one of the best practiced in field culture, 
although the usual method is the matted-row system. In hill culture the 
beds are prepared as directed for the garden, using horses and cultiva- 
tors instead of hand tools : the bed must be kept free from weeds and be 
thoroughly manured and cultivated. For the matted row system, plant 
in rows throe feet apart and the plants a foot apart in the rows : the run- 
ners are allowed to grow and fill up the space between the rows. Early 
every spring a plow is run through the middle of the bed, which space in 
turn is occupied by new plants. We greatly question if this system of 
culture is profitable : certainly the berries must be undersized and inferior 
and as a consequence nett a low price in the market. Far preferable is 
the annual system, before mentioned, of allowing the field to bear but the 
one crop, and then plowing it under. Under all systems of culture, manures 
must be applied liberally and especially so with the matted-row sj^stem, 
to secure a crop worth marketing. Strawberry culture for market has 
reached to so great an extent, that if the grower would make his calling 
profitable to a degree commensurate with the labor involved, his aim must 
be to place on the market berries of good size. The day is passed when 



24 HOW TO GROW STRA WB FAIRIES. 

inferior fruit will bring- a good price simply because it is fruit. Dealers 
in fruit have too large a supply to select from to give half-ripened infe- 
rior fruit even a thought. 



THINNING THE FRUIT. 

If very large fruit is desired for exhibiting or other purposes it can be 
obtained by reducing the quantity of fruit, by plucking about one-third 
of the fruit off when half ripened and allowing the balance to mature : 
however it is best to pick most of the blossom* allowing only the most 
perfect ones to perfect their fruit : naturally the vitality of the plant and 
nourishment will be absorbed by the remaining blossoms and berries. 
Oftentimes even in very large plantations, thinning the fruit is advisa- 
ble, particularly if the fruit crop be allowed to perfect itself : though it 
seems probable that the forcing of the strength of the plants into a few 
berries is likely to weaken the plant more than if the whole crop be al- 
lowed to mature. 



PICKING AND MARKETING. 

The price obtained for fruit in market depends in a great measure on 
the manner in which it is picked, packed and shipped. Oftentimes large 
and beautiful fruit is packed in broken boxes and poorly made crates, 
which in transportation are still more broken and the fruit mashed and 
spilled making it almost unsalable, besides reducing the quantity very 
greatly. Another, and probably the most common error is made by pick- 
ing the fruit carelessly and allowing the inferior and half-ripened berries 
to go to market : a half dozen inferior berries in a basket will reduce the 
price often to one-half. The fruit should be gathered at least every other 
day at the beginning of the season and in its height daily. It is always 
best to pick as early in the day as possible. The pickers should be sup- 
plied with a light tray with handle, holding four or six quart baskets : 
they should be instructed to pick only such berries as are perfectly ripe, 
at the same time they should be required to pick clean, for if fruit which 
is fully ripe is left on the vines long it will become soft and unfit to ship. 
In preparing the fruit for market make two and sometimes three grades, 
the fir st,the best, largest and cleanest : those only should be sent, the half- 
ripe and bruised ones never. Some shippers pick off the hulls or calyx 
before shipping: while the berry looks much nicer if this be done, we very 
much question if it be profitable especially if the fruit is long in transit. 



HO W TO GROW STItA WBERRIES. 25 

Ship in quart baskets filled level full : pack in strong crates, securely 
fastened. In shipping long distances, it must be remembered that many 
varieties will not bear transportation well, and such kinds should either 
be used at home or sent to near markets. 

It is unfortunate that color is considered so essential a point with buy- 
ers, unfortunate for the consumer, for many of the finest varieties grown are 
dark in color and hence not acceptable in the market, for bright colored 
berries control the price almost entirely. 



MULCHING— WINTER PROTECTION. 

The benefit derived from mulching cannot be over-estimated and though 
considerable argument has from time to time been used against it, our ex- 
perience and that of the most successful growers in the country, has prov- 
ed that it is beneficial far beyond any damage it may do, which if the 
proper material is used is mainly imaginary. Let us for a moment take 
but a common-sense view of the question : plainly speaking, mulch is 
simply applied for the purpose of food and protection : we have had the 
benefit of a large crop of fine and lucious fruit, in the bearing of which 
our plants have become exhausted and it is certainly but fair that they 
receive sufficient food and protection to enable them to recuperate. Straw, 
leaves, salt hay, spent hops, corn stalks, straw or shaving manure, are 
all valuable for mulching and should be applied in the fall as soon as the 
ground is sufficiently frozen to bear the weight of a wagon. The space 
between the rows as well as the plants should receive a dressing of fine 
manure, after which the whole bed should be covered with some of the 
material named above : care should be taken not to cover too deep or the 
plants may be smothered. Under this mulch the plants will live and 
come out in the spring full of strength, freshness and vitality. The 
coarse material should be entirely removed in the spring as soon as the 
frost is out of the ground and all danger of "heaving" of the soil is over, 
and the fine dressing of manure is then cultivated in. 



PROFITS OF STRAWBERRY CULTURE. 

The question of dollars and cents is usually an interesting theme to the 
fruit grower, especially if it is considered as profit. The following re- 
sults from an acre in four years, are obtained from an average taken 
from the reports for four years of six different fruit farms, the market in 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



all cases being New York and Boston. The crops were considered but 
fair yields and on ordinary land properly cultivated. 

Three crops of 350 bush, each at 10 cts. per quart $3,360.00 

Plants sold in four years 300.00 

$3,660.00 
CONTRA. 

Cost of original plants $ 40.00 

Manure 175.00 

Cost of cultivating 225.00 

Mulching 75.00 

Picking at 2 cts. per quart 672.00 

$1187.00 

Leaving for profit $2,473.00 

We consider the above tigure a fair average taken together. If the land 
be rented the cost of rent must be added : and also, it frequently occurs 
from one cause and another, the price received per quart maybe less than 
that named which is uett, commission and transportation having been de- 
ducted. On the other hand a higher figure may be obtained for superior 
fruit, and again the above figures would fluctuate in different sections of 
the country, particularly in the South where fruit is raised for Northern 
markets: the price obtained for early fruit from the South is very much 
more than the fruit grown North will bring, though of course, expenses 
will be somewhat higher, still not enough more to reduce the profit to the 
Northern standard. Those of our readers who reside in a favorable locu- 
tion in the South will find raising strawberries for Northern markets a 
most profitable industry. 

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 

No other fruit in the catalogue is generally so free from diseases and 
the attacks of insects as the strawberry : indeed, we may say that with 
one or two exceptions the insect enemies of this fruit are not very for- 
midable. . Of late years some entomologists have made the insect enemies 
of the strawberry a special study and by their indefatigable efforts have 
placed in our hands methpds whereby we may subdue these pests of the 
garden. We cannot too forcibly express our sincere and heartfelt thanks 
to these specialists for their efforts. 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



21 



The Straioberry Worm — Saw Fly of Saunders. Mmphytusmaculatus. Xorton. 
This insect is one of the most formidable with which we have to deal, 
though fortunately it is not found in all sections. The description given 
by Prof. Saunders in his valuable work on Insects cannot be bettered, and 
we quote it with pleasure. "The egg is placed within the substance of 
the stem of the leaf early in May, by means of the peculiar, saw-like ap- 
paratus with which the female is provided. It is a small fraction of an 
inch long and of a white color; its presence produces a slight swelling on 
the stalk, and on splitting the stalk the egg may be found. The eggs ab- 
sorb moisture from the stem and increase in size, and in about a fortnight 
hatch, when the young worms begin to feed on the leaves. At first they 




Fig. 9. 

attract but little attention, as the holes they make in the leaves are small, 
but as they increase in size they often completely riddle the foliage and 
destroy its usefulness. When full grown they are nearly three-fourths 
of an inch long, of a pale greenish color, with a faint whitish bloom. The 
skin is semi-transparent, revealing the movements of the internal organs 
which show r through as dark greenish patches. There is a broken band 
along each side, of a deeper shade of green, and below this the body has 
a yellowish tint. The head is yellowish brown with six black dots. 
Those belonging to the fruit brood of larvae appear on the wing early in 
July, when eggs are deposited for a second brood, which are found dur- 
ing August. " 

It is while in the larval condition that this insect is so destructive to the 
Strawberry leaf. Fig. 9 shows the different stages of the worm. 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



Remedy. — One ounce of Hellebore to two gallons of water or two tea- 
spoonfuls of Paris green to two gallons of water, and shower on the vines, 
are both highly recommended. The first-named we have tried with great 
success. 



THE STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER. 

Anchylopora fragarice, Riley. 

This pest is perhaps the most destructive of any with which we have to 
contend ; indeed so extensive were its ravages in some sections that it 
threatened to ruin a vast number of large plantations ; even yet in some 
sections it does deadly work. Prof. Forbes quotes from the writings of 
Prof. C. V. Riley as follows : "The larva or caterpillar measures when 
full grown, a little more than one-third of an inch. In color it varies 
from a very light yellowish-brown to a dark olive-green or brown, with 
a body soft and somewhat semi-transparent. The second segmeut has a 
shield above, of a shining, yellowish color, and on each segment or wing 
of the body are a few pale spots, from each one of which arises a single 
hair. It crumples and folds the leaves, feeding on the pulpy substance, 
and causes them to appear dry and seared. It most usually lines the in- 
side of the fold with silk. There are two broods during the year, and 
the worms of the first brood which appear during the month of June, 
change to the pupa state within the rolled-up leaf, and become moths dur- 
ing the fore part of July." 

Remedy. — We have found the best remedy is to mow the field after 
fruiting, and burn it over when dry ; this remedy is also practiced by 
large growers where fields are aftected with the pest. Many claim that 
the use of poisons in the proper season, will accomplish the desired ob- 
ject ; but in our experiments we have failed to reach such good results as 
with the first-named remedy. 

THE CROWN BORER. 

Tyloderma fragariaz, Riley. 

This pest is confined almost wholly to the West and far North, and but 
seldom seen elsewhere. It is a small insect about an eighth of an inch 
long and bores into the crown of the plant destroying the embryo fruit- 
stalks and leaves. 

Remedy. — Plow up the ground in June or July at which time the crown < 
are full of the half-srown larvae. 



HOW TO GROW STIiA WIS EI! HIES. 



STRAWBERRY ROOT BORER. 

Anaesia Hneatella, Zeller. 

This insect is very destructive and especially where it is found in large 
numbers. The borer is a small caterpillar, about half an inch long and 
of a pink color, changing in June to a small, reddish-brown chrysalis, 
described as follows by Prof. Saunders : "The moth is very small, of a 
dark-gray color, with a few blackish-brown spots and streaks on the fore 
wings. The moth lays an egg on the crown of the plant late in July 
or early in August, which soon hatches ; the small caterpillar burrows 
into the heart of the plant, and remains in one of the chambers during 
the winter. The channels formed by this larva through the crown and 
longer roots of the plant soon cause it to wither and die, or, if it sur- 
vives, to send up weakened and almost barren shoots." 

Remedy. — There is no effectual remedy but digging up and burning the 
plants, and making a new bed in a different part of the field. 

THE WHITE GRUB. 

Lachnostema SP. 
This insect, under the common name of May Beetle, and its ravages, are 
too well-known to need any lengthy description. In its larvae or grub 
condition it is a deadly enemy of the roots of many plants ; the grub fully 
grown is about an inch-and-a-half long, of a whitish color with brown 
head ; they are usually most numerous in dry pastures and old meadow 
lands, the roots of the grass in their weakened and worn-out condition 
tailing easy prey to the grub. This fact we believe to be very strong tes- 
timony in favor of our system of thorough cultivation and stirring of the 
soil so often urged. The only remedy which is effectual, is to plant the 
land occupied by the Strawberries with hoed crops which require frequent 
cultivation, and may destroy the grub, in time. 

GOLDSMITH BEETLE. 

Cotalpa lanigera, Linn. 
This insect or grub has proved very destructive to the Strawberry roots 
in many parts of the country, especially in New Jersey. In Monmouth 
county this pest has been particularly injurious, many fields having 
been totally destroyed and others badly hurt. Its habits are sim- 
ilar to those of the May Beetle, to which family we believe it belongs. 
The same remedy as for White Grub recommended. 



30 HO W TO GR W 8 TRA WB ERRIES. 

TARNISHED PLANT BUG. 
Lygsu lineolaris, Beau v. 

While this insect is not as a rule very destructive, the fact of its being 
the cause of the berries "buttoning*' or in other words the small, knotty- 
berries, will be of some interest to the the reader. Prof. Forbes speaks 
of it as follows : "The tarnished plant bug is one of the true bugs, and is 
consequently destitute of jaws and provided with a suctorial beak. The 
adult or winged form is about a fifth of an inch in length by half that in 
width, oval, yellow or greenish yellow, more or less striped or mottled 
with dusky. It is extremely variable, but the most constant marks are 
five longitudinal white lines on the thorax (often reduced to spots, which 
then occupy the anterior margin), a white y-shaped mark, on the scutel- 
lum, which is sometimes broken into three white points arranged in a tri- 
angle, and a white blotch tipped with black near the end of the wing 
covers. 

"The young are much less variegated than the adult, and more distinctly 
green. There are four stages between the egg and the mature insect, cor- 
responding to as many different moults. In all except the first stage, the 
young may be distinguished by the presence of five black dots upon the 
back arranged in a pentagonal form. 

"The old bugs winter under rubbish upon the ground, emerge early in 
spring, cluster upon the unfolding buds of fruit trees, the fresh foliage of 
strawberries and other early vegetation, and there lay their eggs, old and 
young together draining the sap of these succulent growing parts. The 
effect is to arrest the development of the leaves, and even to kill them, 
and in the case of the strawberry to interfere with the growth of the fruit, 
sometimes, at least, causing what is known as the "buttoning"' of the 
berry. Later in the season the buds and leaves of flowering plants and 
vegetables, especially the cabbage and potato, are attacked. 

"There are at least two broods in a year, one maturing in May and June, 
and the other in July and August, and it is possible that there is still an- 
other intermediate. 

"Although a very few of these insects are devoured by birds, no natural 
enemies are known to have any positive effect upon their numbers. There 
is some evidence, however, that wet seasons arc injurious to them. 

"The general distribution of these plant bugs at all seasons of the year 
makes it impossible to exterminate them or seriously to diminish their 
numbers by artificial means, unless the clearing up and burning of rub- 
bish late in autumn might have that effect. The attention of the orchard- 



HOW TO GROW STRA WHERRIES. 



ist and gardener whose fruits and vegetables are threatened by this in- 
sect, should be directed to measures for defending directly the crops en- 
dangered. The insects may be caught easily in cool mornings by beating 
with an insect net the tips of the twigs and leaves of the plants in which 
they usually lie concealed at that time, and may then be readily killed by 
shaking them out into a bucket containing a little kerosene, or a film of 
kerosene on water. They may also be destroyed by sprinkling or dusting 
the foliage with pyrethrum, or spraying it with diluted kerosene emuL 
sion. Any and even all these measures of defense may be used with 
great profit whenever the insects are numerous enough to threaten any 
serious damage." 



THE DUSKY PLANT BUG. 
Dero&ocorU rapidus, Say. 

Prof. Forbes says: "This insect has not hitherto been suspected of any 
injury to cultivated vegetation, as far as I can learn, nor has it even been 
mentioned in the literature of economic entomology. Its occurrence 
everywhere in strawberry fields last spring, with the mischievous tar- 
nished plant bug already treated, both in the same ages, stages and situa- 
tions, and both found only on the fruit, left no room for doubt that this 
species was in part responsible for the mischief apparent. 

"The adult is narrowly oval in outline, about one-fourth of an inch (7 mm. ) 
in length, and eleven-hundredths of an inch wide. The general color is 
dusky, tinged with yellow, except the head and thorax, which are orange 
brown. The eyes are red or black ; the antennae very long, reaching the 
tip of the abdomen, black at the base and banded with white upon the 
second and f mrth joints. The prothorax is yellow, the anterior fourth 
being orange brown, the same color as the head. On the posterior third 
is a transverse black band, usually constricted in the middle, and often 
divided into two oblong black blotches. The wing-covers are black, 
tinged with yellowish, and more or less reddened at the tip of the leath- 
ery portion, which is there sometimes almost carmine. The membrane is 
uniform dusky and the veins black. The abdomen is black, with a red 
stripe upon either side ; the last segment of the abdomen is wholly red. 
The young are similar in form to those of the tarnished plant bug, but 
are distinguished by their dark green nd deep red colors, and by the 
snow-white tip and basal ring to the last joint of the antennae, the re- 
mainder of the joint being red." 



33 HOW TO GROW STRA WHERRIES. 

STRAWBERRY PLANT LOUSE. 
Siphonopliora frafjaria\ Koch. 

The well-known entomologist, Prof. S. A. Forbes, speaks of this insect 
as follows: "In spring - and early summer this species occurs on the under 
side of the leaves and on the stalks of the growing fruit, causing the 
leaves to wither, and diminishing the size of the berries. In autumn the 
lice move to the crown, where they may be found between the bases of 
the roots. In November the wingless females here lay their eggs, which 
survive the winter to hatch in the spring. The winged form probably 
appears at irregular intervals throughout the summer, as is usually the 
case with the plant lice, and this is consequently the time when the spe- 
cies spread from field to field. At the time when the insect does its prin- 
cipal injuries, viz : previous to the ripening of the fruit, the usual stand- 
ard remedies for the injuries of plant-lice are impracticable, since the poi- 
sonous powders and fluids which are used for the destruction of these in- 
sects, would render the berries inedible. The proper season to attack 
this pest by local applications is doubtless in autumn, when the lice are 
congregated upon the crown ; at this time, if desirable, they might easily 
be exterminated by the thorough application of the kerosene emulsion to 
the plants. This would have the advantage of destroying both the living 
insects and the eggs. It is at this time, also, that the field should be 
plowed up, if it proves to be necessary to resort to this treatment to ar- 
rest the multiplication of the insects. As the eggs remain during the 
winter upon the crowns of the plants, not hatching until spring, care 
should of course be taken in forming new plantations, that the young 
plants are obtained from fields not infested by lice, or else that 
these and their eg«rs are destroyed upon the plants before they are 
set. Although I have not yet had any opportunity to experiment up- 
on this matter, I have little doubt that dipping the. plants in the kerosene 
emulsion or in a simple mechanical mixture of kerosene and water, about 
three parts to one hundred, would be sufficient for this purpose, and se- 
cure the new field against infection from the old." 

We cannot within the scope of this work, describe the many different 
species of insects which figure as enemies of the Strawberry, though we 
have treated in a brief manner of the most formidable. To the reader 
who desires more information on this most interesting subject, we recom- 
mend the works of Prof. Saunders and Mrs. Treat, and the less costly 
one by Prof. Forbes, together with the valuable writing of Prof. C. V. 
Riley, now at the head of the department of Entomology at Washington, 
to whoso research the world owes not a little. 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 33 

The Strawberry, as before mentioned, is but little liable to diseases and 
the few not very formidable insects. 

During warm, wet weather it is affected by the rust, a disease of a fun- 
gus nature and similar in appearance to that which sometimes affects the 
canes of some varieties of Blackberries. Applications of ashes are good 
in such cases. 

Some varieties are sometimes affected with the "scald" or burning of 
the foliage, which, however, is only injurious in extremely hot sections. 



DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 

Under this heading we have described such varieties as are best known 
throughout the country ; we have made every effort to make the descrip- 
tions accurate and worthy of the consideration of the planter who desires 
to select varieties for planting either in the field or garden. 

Although our list includes some varieties which are new and compara- 
tively untried, we have given them place because of the fact that they 
possessed some very desirable qualities and may prove valuable through- 
out the country. We have no desire to place before the reader any de- 
scriptions of a flattering nature, which would lead him to plant of these 
varieties without discrimination. We repeat that with new varieties it is 
next to impossible for any one to determine their value throughout the 
country without first testing it, and therefore again we urge that the 
planter make it a point to experiment with all such varieties before plant- 
ing largely of them. 

The illustrations under this heading were in the main drawn from or- 
dinary specimens of the fruit grown under field culture, and we consider 
them fair representations of their kinds. 

The varieties of all described are perfect in blossom except those marked 
(P.) which are pistillate. 



Agriculturist. — Large conical, with long neck; color reddish crimson; 
flesh deep red and sweet. Plant a strong grower, hardy and productive; 
excellent for home use but rather soft for market. Season medium. 
Originated with Seth Boyden of Xewark, X. J. 



34 HO W TO GEO W S TEA WE EERIES. 

Arlington. — This variety was introduced from Maryland. Described 
as "a vigorous grower and very prolific; fruit large, bright red and car- 
ries well." Many are questioning the name of this variety, claiming that 
they have tested it and found it to be identical with Champion. 



Arnold's Pride. — A new variety not yet fully tested ; originator's de- 
scription : "A very late strawberry of unequaled flavor and is believed to 
be the largest and "most attractive strawberry ever grown; equally hardy 
and more productive than Wilson's Albany." 

Atlantic. — A berry of comparatively recent introduction. Attracting 

much attention in some sections it has 
not yet been thoroughly tested through- 
out the country, and many cultivators 
question its adaptability to strong, 
heavy soil. It is a beautiful, highly- 
flavored, late variety, of especial value 
for market on this account together 
with its firmness and productiveness. 
Plant very vigorous; berry dark crim- 
son, glossy, distinct ; conical form, 
very regular and handsome. Origi- 
nated in the sandy fields of Xe w Jersey 
and introduced by Wm. F. Bassett of 
Hammonton, N. J. 

Alpha. — A variety which might he 
properly classed among the foreign 
kinds : it is very popular in England 
and has been grown in some sections 

of our own country successfully ; however, we do not recommend it for 

general cultivation. 

Belle. — After thoroughly testing this variety we cannot recommend it 
except for the amateur. 

Boston Pine.— (Bartlett.) Originated with C. M. Hovey. In years 
past it was considered one of our best varieties, but has been entirely su- 
perseded by better ones. 




HOW TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



35 



Belmont. — Originated with W. Heustis & Son of Belmont, Mass., and 
is described as of large size, oblong, crimson 
in color ; very solid and sweet, and of extra 
flavor and quality. Its texture is exceeding- 
ly fine, having no hard or unripe spots : it 
colors evenly and perfectly, and is quite re- 
markable as a carrier and keeper. 

Black Defiance. — Large, irregular in shape, 
dark, glossy crimson, flesh moderately firm, 
of high flavor ; not very productive. Orig- 
inated with E. W. Durand. 

Black Giant. — Of recent introduction and 
highly spoken of by some ; it should, how- 
ever, be tested before being planted exten- 
sively. Originator 's description : "Very large, 
very firm, of deep, rich color ; a thrifty grow- 
er and very desirable for market on account 
of its firmness. '' 

-Introduced from Michigan and is very popular throughout 
the country, especially with the amateur and 
others who grow for home use ; it is also profit- 
able for market in some localities but being a lit- 
tle soft, should be sent only to near markets. 
The plant is very vigorous and prolific ; berries 
large, conical with slight neck but quite irregu- 
lar ; bright crimson, good quality and quite firm 
for a large berry. It requires good culture and 
strong, heavy, rich soil to do well. 

Big Bob.— P. Originated with W. F. Nigh of 
Ohio. The plant is a good grower and in some 
sections productive ; berry large, moderately firm 
and of good quality; season early. This variety 
the originator claims was found growing between 
a row of Russell's Prolific and Jucunda, which 
accounts for its fickleness ; in our opinion it has many of th* p '".urarities 
of the Jucunda and will perhaps succeed well in soil suitable to that 
variety, viz. : a heavy, rich soil with good cultivation. We are fully 
convinced from the results of a number of experiments with this variety 
that it will not succeed in light, sandy or moderately rich soil. 




HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



Bright Ida. — A new seedling produced by the originator of Arnold's 
Pride and described as a strong-growing and productive sort ; fruit large, 
conical, and quite uniform in size and shape ; color bright scarlet and very 
attractive in appearance. 

Brilliant. — Introduced some years ago and for a short period created 
quite a furor but has proved to be of little value. 

Brooklyn Scarlet. — Ori filiated with A. S. Fuller; a good variety for 
home use. 

Burr's New Pine. — P. An old variety entirely run out. 

Bubach No. 5. — P. Originated with J. G. Bubach of Princeton, Ills., 
who describes it as very large, berries of uniform size, fine color and 
form with unsurpassed productiveness and good quality of fruit, with 
equal vigor, stockiness and hardiness of plant. The leaves are very large 
and of a dark green color. Early as Crescent; ripens all over at once. 

Burr Oak. — Xot recommended. 

Capt. Jack. — An old variety and in some sections very productive; me- 
dium to small in size, short, conical. 
Flesh pink and firm ; poor in quality. 
Originated with Sam'l Miller of Mo. 

Caroline. — Now of no value except to 
the amateur. 

Cinderella. — At one time considered 

very promising, but experiment has 

failed to bring out lasting desirable 

qualities. Originated with Oscar Fel- 

% ton of N. J. 

Colonel Cheney. — P. This variety 
with Wilson's, Capt. Jack and Hovey, 
was at one time the main stay of grow- 
ers for market. We, however, have 
never considered it worthy of extended 
cultivation ; the plant is vigorous and 
productive ; the berry is of good color but small and of poor flavor. 




HO W TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



37 



Champion. — P. — {Windsor Chief.) One of the most productive and 

profitable of all strawberries, but it 
requires heavy soil and thorough cul- 
ture. Of good size, form and color; 
firm ; season late. 

Continental. — Superseded by better 
sorts. 

Cornelia. — P. A new variety orig- 
inated with Matthew Crawford of Ohio, 
and destined to become very popular 
by reason of its large size, productive- 
ness and lateness. Originator's de- 
scription : "The plant is very large and 
stocky and one of the healthiest and 
hardiest in every way ; it is late in 
blooming and consequently is not lia- 
ble to be injured by late frosts. It combines all the desirable qualities 
of a market berry an 1 is of especial value for canning." Being so hardy 
it will be found desirable in Canada and other cold sections. 




Crescent .— yy . Unquestionably one of the finest of our F. Virginiana 

species ; enormously productive ; in fact to 
such an extent that it is termed "the lazy 
man's berry. " We have already stated the 
result of some of our experiments with 
this variety, and are perfectly satisfied that 
no other known variety will succeed so 
well under neglect as this; while under 
proper treatment it yields enormously. 
The plant is very vigorous, so much so 
that it covers the ground entirely in a short 
time, and therefore the rows must be kept 
thinned or the crop will not do so well. 
Fruit medium to large, brightest scarlet, 
of fair quality and moderately firm. When 
fertilized by Sharpless we doubt if its equal can be found ; it is very pop- 
ular throughout the country succeeding well in all sections. Season early. 
Originated in Conn. 




HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 




Connecticut Queen. — Of recent introduction ; when fully ripe it is of a 

half green, uninviting appearance, and on 
this account will never become popular. 
The fruit we consider very fine in quality ; 
of medium size and very late. Kecom- 
mended only for amateurs. 

Countess. — Sent out by the Agricultural 
Department at Washington. Berry medi- 
um in size, round, of a light red color, 
rather soft for shipping ; season early to 
medium ; quality good. It has been tested 
somewhat extensively in the North and 
Northwest, where it does exceedingly 
well. Experiments yet to be tried must 
determine its value in other sections. It is, however, quite probable 
that the variety will be found of general adaptability, as the horticul- 
turist of the Department is generally careful that anything which 
emanates from his department shall show some reasonable signs of 
excellence. 



Charles Downing.— One of the best known of varieties and formerlyexten- 
sivcly cultivated ; of late years, however, 
it rusts and blights badly in some sections. 
For the garden it can scarcely be equaled. 
Medium to large, round, obtuse-conical, 
very regular in form ; bright scarlet ; flesh 
firm and juicy with a sprightly sub-acid 
flavor. Originated with the late J. S. 
Downer of Ky., and named in honor of the 
veteran Pomologist whose recent death 
he horticultural world deeply mourns. 

Columbus Wilson.— After some seasons 
of experiment with this variety we fail to 
find in it any qualities which render it more 

than ordinarily desirable for cultivation, notwithstanding the fact that it is 

claimed to be an improvement on the old Wilson's. 




HO W TO GRO W STRA WBERRIES. 



39 



Cumberland Triumph. 




One of the best varieties for the South, in 
which section it is very productive, firm 
and of good color. In the North, how- 
ever, it requires high culture. Berry 
large, light scarlet, of high quality but 
rather soft ; in form bluntly obtuse-con- 
ic. Originated in Pa. 



Crystal City. — The earliest of all straw- 
berries and of good quality, fair size, 
firm and of rich color. A very desir- 
able variety for the garden and deserves 
far more attention than it now receives. 



Duncan. — A very desirable berry for the home garden, but too soft for 
shipping ; color bright scarlet. Originated in N. Y. 



Daniel Boone. — P. 




marke 



Experiments with this variety the past season im- 
pressed us very favorably. It is of 
large size, very productive, linn 
and handsome, and is destined to 
become a popular market variety. 
Originated with A. D. Webb of Ky. 
Dewey. — (No. 125.) This is one 
seedling out of a batch from seed 
of the .Jersey Qu en and Prince of 
Berries, thought to be from the lat- 
ter. Plant fairly vigorous and 
healthy, moderately productive. 
Berries obtuse-conical, of good size, 
brilliant scarlet with a brisk., spicy, 
delicious flavor. Originated with 
P. M. Augur & Sons, Middlefleld, 
Conn. Xot yet offered for sale. 

Downer's Prolific. — Very early, 
hardy and prolific; a good variety 
inated with J. S. Downe;- of Kv. 



4ii 



II W TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



Daisy. — (Daisij Miller.) Described as a large, handsome, vigorous va- 
riety, of good quality ; not yet fully 
tested. Originated with Saml Mil- 
ler, Bluffton, Mo. 

Dollar. — Very pretty, firm and of 
high quality, but foliage blights bad- 
ly. Blossoms and fruits in the au- 
tumn in New Jersey, thus giving two 
crops of fruit. Controlled by J. T. 
Lovett of N. J. 



Duchess. — A very good variety on 
heavy soil; of no value south of 
N". J. Berries are large very uni- 
form in size and shape, of bright 
scarlet color, moderately firm and of 
Originated with D. H. Barnes, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 




good quality 



Durand's Seedling. — Large oblong, sometimes flattened ; color scarlet, 
flesh firm and of good flavor ; like the majority of Mr. Durand's seedlings 
it requires high culture to do well. 

Early Adela. — We do not consider this variety of value. 
Early Scarlet. — An old variety now but little cultivated. 



Early Canada. — Very popular in Canada where it originated. It is a 
valuable early berry, not yet fully tested. 

Early Queen. — Large early, productive but of poor flavor. 

Ellisdale. — Xew and untried. 

Emily's White. — A very late, strong-growing and prolific variety; 
fruit light red nearly white; of small size and valuable only to the amateur. 

Eureka. — Xew and not yet fully tested. 

Erubus. — Of no value. 

Emerald. — From Ireland. It has fruited for several years on Long Is- 
land, N". Y. State and has proved very productive. Fruit large and of 
superior quality. 



HOW TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



Fairy. — A desirable white variety for the amateur but like others of the 
same color is of little value to the general grower. 



Finch's Prolific. — A Arm berry of medium size and not very good qual- 
ity, but attractive. Succeeds well in some sections under good cultiva- 
tion. 



Forest Rose. — A popular variety in the South, but it requires superior 
culture. A good market berry where it succeeds. Introduced by a Mr. 
Felters of Ohio. 



Garden. — Of no value. 



Garrettson. — Xot having thoroughly tested this variety we give the 
originator's claims; he says, "It is wonderfully productive, healthy, 
strong, vigorous and especially drought-resisting. Fruit uniformly glob- 
ular, large size, bright crimson, good quality and very firm.'' It remains 
of uniform lai ge size and regular shape throughout the season. Award- 
ed first premiums at Queens Co. Fairs. Introduced by a Mr. Garrettson 
of Queens Co., X. Y. 

Grand Darke. — Originated with J. W. Adams of Mass. Promising but 
not yet thoroughly tested. 

Gebhardt's Favorite. — Has only a local reputation ; not desirable for 
general cultivation. 

Gold. — P. (Xo. 24.) A seedling of the same lot as Jewell. Plant vig- 
orous, healthy and very productive. Fruit medium to large, very regu- 
lar, conical. Color scarlet with beautiful golden seeds. Originators P. M. 
Augur & Sons, Conn. Not yet ottered for sale. 



Great Ontario. — Originated with Robt. Johnston of X. Y., who claims 
for it strong growth, large size of plant and productiveness. Berry of 
superior quality and good size. Season medium early. 



HOW TO GROW STRA WHERRIES. 



Glendale. — A very productive variety : profitable for market. It is not, 
however, of best quality. 

Golden Defiance. — P. Large, very late 
and of excellent quality ; not very produc- 
tive and only moderately firm. Almost en- 
tirely superseded by better varieties of re- 
cent introduction. Originated with a Mr. 
Miller of Pa. 




Glossy Cone. — One of the many new va- 
rieties introduced in 1882. It is of unusual 
beauty, but being of poor quality and re- 
quiring high culture is not generally worthy 
of cultivation. 

Green Prolific— P. This old variety still 
retains its popularity in some sections ; it is 
now but little grown. Originated with Seth 



Boyden of Newark, N. J. 



Gypsey. 




A good variety for general cultivation ; of medium size, 
best quality and on good land large ; ripens in 
mid-season and is very productive. Those who 
desire a highly flavored variety for home use, 
should by all means try this little beaiuy. 

Great American. — Very large, irregular form ; 
dark crimson. It requires high culture. We 
c ^ce saw a patch of this variety planted on very 
rich soil and given high culture, which yielded 
the largest and greatest quantity of fruit we 
ever saw on the same amount of ground. When 
given the cultivation it requires it is of enor- 
mous size. We cannot, however, recommend it 



for general cultivation. 



Hart's Minnesota. — A fine-looking, highly flavored, early berry of good 
size ; firm and a vigorous grower. A good berry for the amateur, but 
not sufficiently productive for market. 



HOW TO GROW STB A WBERRIES. 



Hove> 's Seedling.— P. One of the best of the old varieties and the first 
pistillate variety which was considered worthy of cultivation ; it is now, 
however, almost entirely superseded by better sorts. Berry large, coni- 
cal, bright crimson, handsome ; in flavor sub-acid. Originated withC. M. 
Hovey of Boston, Mass., in 1834. 



Henderson. — Introduced by Peter Henderson of New York. We have 

not yet tested it sufficiently to give an 
impartial description of its merits or de- 
merits. The description is as follows: 
"It is doubtful if there is another straw- 
berry in cultivation, having such a com- 
bination of good qualities as the Hender- 
son. The fruit is of the largest size, 
early and immensely productive; but its 
excelling merit is its exquisite flavor. 
Whether for family or market use the 
Henderson is certain to become a stand- 
ard sort ; and its strong, healthy growth 
will adapt it to every soil."' 

Hervey Davis. — Unfortunate it is that 
this variety requires such high culture, 
for it is certainly a very fine berry ; of 
regular form, high quality and firmness ; 
color bright scarlet; season medium. 
Origii 
Mass. 




Hooker. — Originated with the late H. E. Hooker of Rochester, N. Y. 
One of the finest varieties for the amateur ; but the berry is too soft and 
dark, and the plant too tender for general cultivation. 



Huddleston's Favorite. — P. A very large berry of good color; flesh firm 
with a rich, spicy flavor ; it is very productive but not sufficiently firm for 
market. Introduced by E. Y. Teas, Indiana. 



Iowa Prolific— Of local fame only. 



44 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



Indiana. 

more fully convinced than ever that it 
would ere long prove one of our most val- 
uable varieties. It has all of the good 
qualities of its parent, the Downing, with 
none of that variety's defects. Berry of 
medium size, beautiful scarlet color, very 
firm. With us it is very prolific. 

James Vick. — A new variety which is 
rapidly gaining favor. Very prolific and 
unless it receives thorough culture it is of 
small size ; the plants should be kept in hills 
and the runners cut close to prevent an in- 
crease of plants ; under these conditions of 
culture it will prove to be a very prolific and extremely profitable berry 
for market. In color it is very beautiful ; quality good. Originated with 
Mr. Miller of Mo. and named by its introducer in honor of the well- 
known florist and seedsman the late James Vick of Rochester, N". Y. 




Jewell.— P. This remarkable berry originated with P. M. Augur and Sons 

of Middlefield, Conn., from seed 
of the Jersey Queen and Prince 
of Berries. Season medium, size 
large, color bright red, changing 
to crimson when very ripe : blos- 
som pistillate, enormously pro- 
ductive. This berry is being 
highly spoken of by prominent 
growers throughout the country 
and although I have not yet fruit- 
ed it, I consider it one of the 
most valuable of recent introduc- 
tions, basing my opinion on the 
plants and fruit I have seen grown 
in different soils. For so large a 
berry it is remarkably firm and 
will be valuable for market on 
that account. Pres. Lyon of the 
Mich. Horticultural Society gives 
its value for market as 10 ; the highest point of excellence. 




HOW TO GROW STRA WBERRIES. 



45 



Sharpies and Wilson are either good varieties to fertilize with. See 
full page cut, last page of cover. In order to acommodate this cut to the 
page, five berries were cut off of the left side of the cluster. 



Jersey Queen. — P. 




A. beautiful, very large berry of high quality, season 
late. This variety requires the 
very hightest cultivation, with- 
out which it rarely does well. 
One of the largest and finest ber- 
ries in cultivation. 

Jumbo. — Considerable discus- 
sion has arisen during the past 
year concerning the identity of 
this variety. Men of unquestion- 
able veracity and high standing 
in the horticultural world pro- 
nounce it to be the Cumberland 
under a new name. We would 
caution the reader not to plant 
extensively of this variety, untiL 
the truth regarding it is known. 
Kentucky. — This variety was formerly the only reliable late berry for 
both market and home use. In some localities, particularly the South, it 
still holds its own. Of large size and very productive ; flesh firm, and of 
high quality. Originated with J. S. Downer of Ky. 

Legal Tender. — Vigorous and productive : berry small. Not yet fully 
tested. 

Kirkwood. — Now proved beyond all ques- 
tion to be identical with Mt. Vernon. 

Lady Finger. — An old variety from N- 
J., which formerly held a prominent place 
>ut has been superseded by better ones. 

Ladies' Pine. — P. An extremely delicious 
flavored berry of handsome appearance: 
good for the amateur's collections where it 
can receive high culture. 

Lady of the Lake. — Formerly a favorite 
variety in the locality where it originated, 
but of late years it has been but little culti- 
vated. 




4i; 



HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



Lacon. — A good berry but will not succeed in light, sandy soi 



Lida. — P. Originated with Win. Parry of Parry, X. J. Raised from seed of 
King Cluster, in 1880. Described as a pis- 
tillate variety of large size, very produc- 
tive, bright red color, heart shape, regular 
and uniform in appearance, ripens medium 
season, firm in flesh, a good shipper and of 
excellent quality. It is a promising va- 
riety. 

Les Quattre Sa. ons. — We cannot re- 
commend this variety. 

Lonelle. — Not yet fully tested. 

Lennig's "Whit . — The only white va- 
riety grown worthy of the space it will 
occupy. 




Longfellow. — A fine variety ; very large, elongated and somewhat ir- 
regular. Dark glossy red, having the appear- 
ance of being varnished ; fruit rich and excel- 
lent ; valuable for the garden. Season medium 
to late. 

Magnum Bonum, — A new variety not yet 
fully tested : from partial tests its quality and 
size proves inferior. 

Marvin. — Being a seedling of the Jucunda it 
requires high culture and heavy soil: it is a 
beautiful, large, glossy berry of excellent quali- 
ty ; very late. Desirable for the amateur. 

Manchester Jr. — A seedling of Manchester 
produced by the originator of that variety who 
claims that it is 50 per cent larger, and will 
give double the quantity of fruit of its parent. 




HO W TO GEO W STEA WBEEEIES. 



47 



May King. — This variety has proved a valuable acquisition ; it resembles 
the Crescent in every way except that its 
blossoms are perfect. It is of the same 
rampant growth, enduring foliage and great 
productiveness. Berry of the form and size 
of its parent, the Crescent. t is earlier than 
that variety and of better flavor. Very prom- 
ising, and strongly recommended for trial. 
Mrs. Garfield. — A variety of recent intro- 
duction, not yet thoroughly tested, but in- 
dications point to its great desirability. The 
plant is a very strong grower, healthy and 
vigorous. In form the berry is similar to 
its parent, the Crescent, with the same 
bright scarlet color; flavor very high ; fruit 
large, firm and early. Originated with Matthew Crawford of Ohio. 




%^ 



Manchester. — P. We have had abundant opportunity to know of and 
|| . test this variety in different soils and 

|| Jmk locations, from the time of its introduc- 

' s -/ ; Jlf jf fcion ' Originating as it did, in the sands 
\^ '£^gp of N. J., it is a remarkable fact that 

^^it lias adapted itself and proved con- 
s genial to so many soils and climatic 
|\ conditions. It is remarkably productive 
m an cl uniform in size; of great beauty 
i lid high quality. It succeeds well upon 
Wm all soils except stiff clay, and evory- 
HRf where except in sections of the South 
WW and where the rust is prevalent. Most 
p7 attractive in appearance, very firm and 

of a rich sprightly flavor. Season bite 
to very late. When fertilized by the 
Sharpless its size is very materially increased. Originated in Manchester, 
X. J., and introduced by J. T. Lovett of Little Silver, X. J. 




4^ 



HO W TO GROW STRA WF.ERRIES. 



Monarch. — (c/ the West.) An old variety, well-known and highly es- 
teemed; light in eolor and good flavor, 
but soft. Requires good culture. 



Maggie. — We have tested this variety 
for some years and consider it one of 
the best for home use ; it is of good size 
and color; of very high quality. A 
good berry for shipment to .near mar- 
kets. 




Memphis Late. — Superseded by bet- 
ter sorts. 



Miner 




) One of our old favorites. Fruit large to very 
large, plants vigorous and very productive ; of 
good flavor and very desirable for the garden 
and also for near markets. Origin, Xew 
Jersey. 

Mount Vernon. — (Kirkwood.) Large, very 
productive and late ; plants vigorous ; fruit of 
good quality. This variety is not very desira- 
ble on account of its tendency to scald. 

Neunan's Prolific. — A very popular variety 
in the South, and one of the first shipped to 
Northern markets where it commands a high 
price. Large, obtuse-conical, light scarlet, 
very firm and good. Origin, South Carolina. 



New Jersey Scarlet. — Worthy of cultivation only on light, sandy soils. 



Nicanor. — Some years ago very popular because of its good flavor ; it is 
now but little cultivated. Originated with Ellwanger and Barry, Roches- 
ter, N. Y. 



TJOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



41) 



Nigh's Superb, 
culture. 

Old Iron Clad.- 



Large and of high quality, but requires the best of 



(Phclp 




Seedling.) We consider this variety one of the 
very best of the early ripening kinds ; 
it is 'of good size, good quality, 
firm and very attractive in appear- 
ance. The plant is very vigorous 
and productive; it is being rapidly 
tested throughout the country and 
meeting with great favor. Very de- 
sirable at the South. We tested this 
variety quite extensively in X. J. 
and it paid better than any other 
kind on the place. It was the earliest 
and held on nearly to the last, giv- 
ing more pickings and averaged 
larger berries than almost any other 
variety. We can highly recommend 
it for market. 



Oliver Goldsmith. — Succeeds only in favored localities, requiring rich 
soil and a moderately warm climate. 

Parry. — A seedling of the Jersey Queen and though not yet fully tested 

we believe it is destined for a great fu- 
ture. Plant vigorous, clean foliage; 
berry very large, obtuse-conic, bright, 
glossy scarlet, firm and of best quality. 
Ripens in mid-season ; it is a fine berry 
for home use or cultivation for market. 
Originated with Judge Parry of 1ST. J., 
in honor of whom it is named. 

Parmalee's Neptune. — A seedling of 
the Crescent, produced by the same 
originator. It is said to surpass its pa- 
rent in all respects ; not yet fully tested. 

Pautuxant. — Not yet fully tested. 

President Lincoln. — A good variety 
but requires heavy soil and thorough 




culture. Season medium to late. 



60 



HO TV TO GROW STRA TV BERRIES. 



Prince of Berries.— Of recent introduction, large, fine and of high qual- 
ity ; requires very high culture for 
success. Originated with Mr. Du- 
rand of N. J. 




Park Beauty. — P. Introduced as 
a new and distinct variety, but 
proved to be identical with Cres- 
cent. 

Primo. — A good variety where it 
can be given high culture, other- 
wise it will prove a failure ; good 
size, firm and delicious. 

Pioneer. — Of great value on ac- 
count of its large size, fine quality 
and early. It does not succeed 
south of New York. 



Piper's Seedling.— A very profitable variety. Very early, of good size, 

firm and productive; berry dark 
crimson, bluntly conic, dry and 
rather insipid ; requires good soil 
for success. 

Queens County. — A new appli- 
cant for public favor. Originated 
with. Dr. F. M. Hexamer, an expe- 
rienced fruit grower of New York 
State. It is a beautiful, bright red 
color, of good form and of superb 
flavor. Ripens all over at once 
and solid to the core. Perfect in 
blossom; plant very vigorous and- 
a good grower. Season medium to 
late. 




Red Jacket. — Formerly a great favorite and even now planted to some 
extent by amateurs. A vigorous-growing, very prolific early berry of 
the highest flavor. Large size and bright color. 



Russell's Prolific— P. Xot now cultivated to any extent. 



HOW TO GROW STRA WHERRIES. 



Sharpless. — This is one, of 




the finest and largest varieties in cultiva- 
tion ; uniformly very large and ir- 
regular in shape. Moderately firm, 
of good quality and productive. It 
succeeds best on sandy loam if well 
manured. Worthy of extended 
cultivation in all sections. One of 
the best varieties for fertilization 
of pistillate kinds. Season medium. 
Satin Gloss. — A seedling of Lady 
Finger ; fruit medium to large, of 
beautiful color and regular form. 
A good berry for the amateur. 

Seneca Chief. — We believe this 
variety entirely worthless. Some- 
times confounded with Seneca 
Queen. 



Sucker State. — Resembles the Wilson in character of the fruit. Plant 
is vigorous and a good grower. Early to medium. 



Seneca Queen 



the most productive and profitable varieties 
grown ; though now almost entire- 
ly discarded, which fact is to be 
regretted, for it is certainly equal- 
ed by few varieties. The berries 
are large, round and dark crimson ; 
of good quality. Good for market 
and home use. We learn that this 
variety is meeting with great fa- 
vor in the West and trust that it 
will be longer-lived in that section 

i m^Mr^^KR* v vi than it was in tiie East - 

If W ^^ ^^y^r Seth B °y den -— ( B °y den,s No - 

[| \| ^*- ^%j§jpr 30.) Yery large and of good qual- 

ity; once exceedingly popular but now almost entirely superseded by 
ether and better varieties. Originated with the late Seth Boyden of New 
Jersey. Popular in the South. 




HOW TO GROW STRAWBERRIES. 



Sunapee.— Originated with Susan P. Fowler of Vineland, X. J., who 
pronounces it very early, of good size, uniform, bright crimson, very 
firm, exceedingly vigorous and productive. It is claimed to be so sweet 
as to need no sugar. From all that can be learned this is a very valuable 
acquisition. 

Shirts. — Rather a peculiar name for a strawberry, and it, like the gar- 
ment bearing the same name, remained in use but a short time — worn 
out. It is, however, of good quality and color, and very productive. Val- 
uable to the amateur. 



Truitt's Surprise. — Originated by Jas. Truitt of Kansas. Berries a dark, 
rich red, flesh firm and of the very best quality ; plant a strong grower 
and withstands heat well. Not yet fully tested. 



Vineland. — (Lord's Seedling.) From tests of this variety the past sea- 
son, we are led to believe that it will meet with great favor as its good 
qualities become better known. The plant is a strong grower, healthy 
and prolific. Fruit of good size, attractive color and good quality. Sea- 
son medium. 



Warren. 



-One of the finest of our early varieties, especially for home 
use, but requires high culture. Fruit uni- 
formly globular, dark crimson, rich and 
excellent. Its dark color prevents its be- 
coming popular as a market berry. 

Wilson. — (Albany.) This grand old va- 
riety, which has stood by us for years, must 
now pass into oblivion before the greater 
excellencies of newer varieties. It seems 
to have entirely lost its old-time vigor and 
productiveness. In some localities, how- 
ever, it still retains its place among the 
first, but mainly we believe from what it 
has been, not is. Very attractive in color, 
firm and productive and of peculiar, 




sprightly 



HO W TO GEO W STRA WBERRIES. 53 

POPULAR FOREIGN VARIETIES. 

Jucunda. — (Knox 700.) Large, conical, crimson or scarlet; excellent 
flavor ; a good grower but tender. Requires, as do all foreign varieties, 
good culture. 

Marguerite. — (Le Breton.) Very large, long, conical, pale scarlet, 
sweet, but rather insipid. With extra cultivation it is quite productive, 
but the plant is naturally feeble. A very fine show fruit. 

Napoleon III. — Fruit large, of a brilliant crimson; flesh firm, juicy; 
plant vigorous. The Austin has been sent out from several establish- 
ments in this country under this name. 

Triomphe de Gand. — Very large, irregular, conical, often flattened ; it 
requires heavy soil, and must be manured highly. Rich, musky in fla- 
vor, very firm and continues a long time in fruit. Season early to late. 
Succeeds well in the South. 

Victoria. — (Trollope's.) Very large, roundish-conical, light pale scar- 
let; seeds slightly imbedded, and set wide apart; flesh nearly white, 
juicy, but not rich, often insipid. The productiveness of this variety is 
extremely variable ; in some soils it is very prolific, while in others, ap- 
parently as rich, it is unproductive. It is an old English variety, dis- 
carded by nearly every cultivator in the country, yet it has been fre- 
quently brought out under a new name. Trembly's Union proved to be 
this variety, and was so declared by several fruit growers when it was 
first exhibited. The Golden Queen of Rochester, N". Y., is also said to be 
the Victoria. — "Fuller." 

Walter.— A seedling of Jucunda, highly recommended but not yet fully 
tested. 



VARIETIES OF THE "HAUTBOIS CLASS." 

The Hautbois varieties are cultivated but little in this country, as the 
peculiar musk flavor is not pleasing. 

Common Hautbois.— ( Frayaria elatior, Dioecious Hautbois, Musky Haut- 
bois, &c.) Medium, roundish or ovate, reddish green, strong musky fla- 
vor ; fruit stems projecting above the leaves. Hence the name Hautboy 
or Highwood. 

Belle Bordelais.— The largest and best of this class. 

Hautbois Prolific— An old and fine variety. 

Royal Hautbois.— The most popular variety of this class. 



HOW TO GROW ST HA WHERRIES. 



"VARIETIES WORTHY OF MENTION." 
The following list includes those varieties which are of local reputa- 
tion and those which have not yet heen fully tested. Varieties which are 
worthless and those entirely discarded are not named. 



British Queen. 
Col. Ellsworth. 
Crispin. 

Centennial Favorite. 
Cetyowayo. 
Damask Beauty. 
Endicott Seedling. 
Fairy Queen. 
Grace. 

Heffner's No. 1. 
Heffner's No. 2. 
Kerr's Prolific. 
Longworth's Prolific. 
Luxuriant. 
Martha {Photo.). 
Maud Miller. 
Montreil. 
Michigan. 
Minnetonka. 
Magnum Bonum. 
Moodna. 



Napoleon III. 
Neal's Tardy. 
New Dominion. 
Old John Brown. 
Oceanna Chief. 
Phenomere. 
Photo. 
Polopel. 
Pearl. 

Proutty's Seedling. 

Panic. 

Philadelphia. 

President Wilder. 

Queen of the West. 

Ray's Prolific. 

Sterling. 

Shenandoah. 

Star of the West. 

Trinity. 

Triple Crown. 

Woodward No. 1. 



THE END. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



THE NEW "JEWELL" STRAWBERRY, 




NATURAL SIZE. 

The most valuable Strawberry ever offered to the public, without any ex- 
ception. 

THE "DIETW'IEr^ 33 jP^.1<T1D "G-OILID" 

Two new Strawberries originated by ourselves and to be introduced soon. 
They will be found to be very valuable and will, like the JEWELL, become great 
favorites. 

EMPIRE STATE, NIAGARA and other Grapes, and all 

New Fruits of High Merit. Also a full line of 

Old Varieties. Address 



P. M. AUGUR & SONS, 
Middlefield, - Conn, 



A D VER TISEMEXTS . 




Don't throw away or sell your bones. Grind 
n them up yourse 1 ** and make your own fertilizer. 

THEN YOU KNOW IT WiLL BE PURE. 

Wet, green or greasy bones can be ground just as well and as easily as 
though they were drv. 

SUNAPEE 

THE SPLENDID NEW STRAWBERRY. 

Handsome, Vigorous, Perfect Blossom, Early, 
Sweet and Good Size. 



"WHAT THEY ALL SAY OIF IT: 

"It has the flavor of the wild berry." "It is like the English berry." "Sweet 
enough without sugar." "Very nice." "I like it." " Tliat's good." 

BTTY OiF THEE ORIGrHSTATOB, 
PRICE OF PLANTS: $2.00 Per Doz. $12.00 Per lOO. 



ADDRESS, 



Susan P. Fowler, Yineland, H. J. 



A D VER TIS EMEN TS. 



PRESTON'S STANDARD WYANDOTTES 

THE PIONEER STRAIN. 

15 Grand Breeding Pens for 1886. Eggs from 2 Pens of Finest Exhibition Stock 
at $5.00 per 13, $10.00 per 39. Eggs from 13 other pens of good, pure birds, carefully- 
selected and mated for best possible results, at $3.00 per 13, $5.00 per 26. 



PRESTON'S 




And don't forget we keep one girl mailin 



PRESTOSM'S WYANDOTTE GAZETTE, 

size 9x11 Finest 50-cent Poultry Book in the world. Contains a large Chromo of 
Wvandottes, and two other Elegant Clirnmos in 6 colors, and original cost of other 
Engravings over *<!00. A cut and plan of my new $500 Wyandotte House ; also, 
cuts and plans of our two mammoth incubator buildings, each 120 feet long, de- 
scribing ouv full working plans; also, a complete guide on Selecting, Scoring, and 
Breeding Wvandottes, bv B.N. Pierce, illustrated with his drawings of head, neck, 
wings, feathers, etc. Also, all manner of brief, practical and valuable poultry 
information. 

jK^Large circulars containing 17 illustrations. 

GEO. A. PRESTON. Tictat Agent D., L. anfl f . B. R, 

BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 



58 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 




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GOOD CHEER, is a treasure in every family it enters. It contains 
good reading for young and old. Each number contains three to six 
choice stories ; a variety of excellent poetry ; instructions in dress and 
needle work ; hints on the fashions ; useful recipes ; puzzles and enigmas 
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a general variety of miscellany. 

WHAT OTHERS THINK OP "(K)OD CHEER." 

A genuine popular success. — Springfield Republican. 

The influence of such a paper in the household cannot be overestimated. — 
Boston Transcript. 

Maintains a high moral tone. All right-minded people will approve efforts of 
this kind, to furnish high-tone, popular literature at a low price. — The Congrega- 
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One of the most helpful home papers, full of good sense and bright things.— 

New York Graphic. 

Better as a household paper than any of the old journals which cost twice the 
money. — New England Homestead. 

We know of no brighter, more helpful, thoroughly attractive publication of 
the sort published. It has constantly advanced in the esteem of journalists and 
the public — \'nr Ynrl: Independent. 

It is, in fact, a choice monthly magazine of the best literature. All 
for only 

SO CJIS^XTTJS -A. YTES-A-IEl.. 



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59 




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A D I r ER TJS EMEN TS. 



DO YOU WANT A DOG ? ft 



If so, send for DOG BUYERS' 

GUIDE, containing colored plates, 
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prices they are worth, and where to 
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Then send for Practical POUL- 
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AD V Eli TIS E MENTS. 61 



BOOKS FOR THE FARM AND GARDEN. 

The following list comprises the "best works on the subjects of which they treat. 
Sent by mail post-paid on recipt of price. 

Amateur's Greenhouse S. Hibberd cloth $3.00 

Art of Grafting and Budding Chas. Baltet " 1.25 

American Flower Garden Directory Robt. Buist " 1.50 

Asparagus Culture Barnes & Robinson paper 50 

Bulbs and Bulb Culture D. T. Fish cloth 2.00 

Bulbs E. S. Rand, Jr " 2.50 

Barry's Fruit Garden P. Barry " 2.50 

Book of Evergreens Josiah Hoopes " 3.00 

Camellia Culture R. J. Halliday " 2.00 

Class Book of Botany A.Wood " 3.50 

Cranberry Culture Jos. J. White " 1.25 

Cauliflowers and How to grow them.. . ...Francis Brill paper 20 

Cactaceous Plants Lewis Castle cloth 50 

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants B.S.Williams " 5.00 

Diseases of Field and Garden Crops W. G. Smith " 1.50 

Downing's Fruits &, Fruit trees of America " 5.00 

Every Woman her own flower garden er. Daisy Eyebright " 1.00 

Farm Conveniences " i..~>o 

Fruit Culturist J. J. Thomas " 2.00 

Fruit Culture Wm. Strong " 1 .00 

Grape Culturist A. S. Fuller " 1.50 

Ga dening for Pleasure Peter Henderson " 1.50 

Gardening by Myself Anna Warner paper 50 

Gardening for Profit Peter Henderson cloth 1.50 

Gardeners' Dictionary Geo. W. Jolmson " 3.00 

Grape Growing and Wine Making Geo. Husmann " 1.50 

Household Conveniences " 1.50 

Hand Book of Landscape Gardening F.R.Elliott " 1.50 

House Plans for Everybody S. B. Reed " 1.50 

Horse and his Diseases B. J. Kendall paper 25 

How to Grow Strawberries Geo. R. Knapp " 25 

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit Chas. A .Green " 50 

How the Farm Pays Cozier & Henderson. ..cloth 2.50 

How to lay out a Garden Edward Kemp " 2.50 

How to Destroy Insects paper 30 

How Plants Grow Asa Gray " 1.25 

Hand Book of Plants Peter Henderson cloth 3.0C 

Injurious Insects of the Farm & Garden . Mary Treat " 2.00 

Musliroom Culture Wm. Robinson " 75 

Manual of Botany of the Northern V. S.. Asa Gray " 2.25 

Orchids of New England H.Baldwin " 2.50 

Orange Culture T.W.Morse " 1.00 

Orchid Growers' Manual Williams " 6.50 

Practical Azalea Culture R. J. Halliday " 2.00 

Plant Life on the Farm M. T. Martin " 1 .00 



62 



A D I r ER TIS EMEN TS. 



.papei 

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Parsons on the Rose S. B. Parsons 

Practical Floriculture Peter Henderson 

Scott's Beautiful Homes Reduced from $8.00. . . 

Sweet Potato Culture las. Fitz 

Select Ferns and Lycopods B. S. Williams 

Small Fruit Culturist A. S. Fuller 

Subtropical Garden W. Robinson 

The Peach lohn Ruttcr 

The Vegetable < iarden las. Hogg 

Talks about Flowers Mrs. M. I). Wellcome. 

The New B >iany W.J. Beal paper 

Tin Rose II- B. Ellwanger cloth 

Tin- School Garden Dr. Schwab.. • 

The Che.mistry of the Farm R. Warrington 

Truck Farming in the South Dim) mler 

The Wild Garden W. Robinson.. 

The Rose Garden Wm. Paul 

The Blessed Bees lohn Allen... 

Wayside Flowers Thos. Meehan 

Wheat Culture D. s. Curtiss.. 

Window Gardening II. T. Williams 

Any of the above books sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price 
money order, postal note or registered letter, 
x-eceipt of stamp. Address all orders to 



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